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Energy

Advanced natural vitality formula. Designed to supercharge your cellular energy for optimal daily performance.*

  • Sparks energy-producing mitochondria. For everyday mind-body vitality.*
  • Powerful researched-backed nutrients for a clean, natural daily boost.*
  • Caffeine-free for smooth, controlled, stim-free energy. With no crash.*
Upgrade Yourself®with Performance Lab® Energy

Ultramodern stim-free energy formula sparks mind-body vitality surge

Typical energy pills’ caffeine megadoses boost fast, but crash hard. Performance Lab® Energy works without caffeine for a smarter, cleaner and healthier energy boost.

Featuring MicroActive® Q10, BioPerine®, BioPQQ® and Bio-Enhanced® nutrition technology, Energy optimizes cells’ mitochondria for a surge of natural vitality in both body and mind.

And unlike energy pills loaded with synthetic additives, Energy is clean. No caffeine, no crash, no additives. Just pure revitalizing energy in 100% plant-based NutriCaps®.

Energy

How to take

Top up your energy levels with 1-2 daily capsules. For best results take on an empty stomach– with an additional 1-2 capsules before lunch if you need them. To get a stim-free boost during exercise, take 1-2 capsules 45-60 minutes before your workout.

Ultramodern Design

Energy is designed to upgrade your natural production of cell energy, powering all metabolic processes. A clean, smart stack of advanced form nutrients that boost your mitochondria. Sparking a safe, natural source of stim-free vitality for all-round mind-body performance. Including enhanced athletics and efficient fat burning.

Easy to swallow

Easy to swallow

Energy is delivered in convenient, easy-to-swallow 00-sized NutriCaps®. 100% plant-based capsules made from pullulan (fermented tapioca) that are ultraclean and naturally prebiotic-infused. Supporting comfortable digestion and superior nutrient absorption into your body.

Designed for Performance

  • Stim-free booster promotes energy production in cells’ mitochondria*
  • Helps exercise results by maintaining energy in muscle and metabolizing energy in fat*
  • Enhances vitality by helping to multiply, protect and charge-up mitochondria*
  • Supports efficient metabolic performance in nearly every cell in the body*

Healthy for Daily Use

  • Safe, natural and legal way to revitalize mental and physical performance*
  • Ultramodern energizers MicroActive® Q10, BioPerine®, BioPQQ®, Bio-Enhanced®
  • Stimulant-free energy for those who prefer to avoid or limit caffeine intake*
  • Plant-based, prebiotic-infused NutriCaps® from pullulan (fermented tapioca)

Ingredients

Supplement Facts

Serving Size: 2 NutriCaps®

Servings per container: 30

Amount
Per Serving
% Daily
Value
Magnesium (as Magnesium Malate) 60 mg 14
Acetyl L-Carnitine
(from Acetyl L-Carnitine HCL)
500 mg
Microencapsulated Bio-Enhanced®
R-Lipoic Acid
100 mg
MicroActive® Q10 (Coenzyme Q10) 100 mg
BioPQQ® (Pyrroloquinoline quinone [PQQ]) 10 mg
BioPerine® Black Pepper Extract
(Piper nigrum) (fruit) (95% Piperine)
2.5 mg
Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calories per day diet.
† Daily Value not established.

Other Ingredients: NutriCaps® Pullulan Capsule, NuFlow® Rice Concentrate.

Suitable for vegans. Contains NO soy, egg, fish, shellfish, dairy, peanut, tree nuts, wheat, or other allergens. Non-GMO and non-irradiated. Free of gluten, synthetic additives, caffeine, artificial colors and preservatives.

Suggested Use: Take 2 capsules in the morning or early afternoon on an empty stomach. For best results use daily and consistently. For advanced usage guidelines visit www.performancelab.com/Advanced

Bio-Enhanced® is a registered trademark of GeroNova Research, Inc.

MicroActive® is a registered trademark of BioActives LLC.

BioPQQ® is a registered trademark of Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc.

BioPerine® is a registered trademark of Sabinsa Corporation.

BPA Free. Please Recycle.

The Science

Enhance Cells’ Powerhouse Mitochondria for a Mind-Body Energy Boost

Mitochondria are organelles within cells that take in nutrients from foods, break them down, and produce charged-up ATP energy molecules that power all metabolic processes.

Mitochondria are most highly concentrated in high-energy tissues and organs, such as the muscles, brain and heart.

Concern: Over time, mitochondria accumulate damage from unstable free radicals. This damage has been linked to fatigue, metabolic issues, brain fog and other health concerns.

Performance Lab® Energy taps advanced nutrition technology to protect, multiply and optimize mitochondria in nearly every cell in the body.

With this approach, Performance Lab® Energy promotes clean, crash-free energy in body and mind while supporting long-range vitality and overall health.

Mitochondira

MicroActive® Q10 (CoQ10), 100 mg

CoQ10 is a vitamin-like compound required for bioenergetics: The flow and transformation of energy in all life forms.

CoQ10 is present in almost every cell in the body. It is most highly concentrated in high-energy organs (brain, heart) and high-energy tissues (muscle).

80% of the body’s CoQ10 is found within cells’ mitochondria, where its performance-enhancing functions include:

  1. Sparking cell energy. CoQ10 shuttles electrons and protons across mitochondrial membranes, helping convert energy in foods into ATP cell energy;
  2. Mitochondria protection. CoQ10 converts into ubiquinol: An antioxidant that protects mitochondria from free radicals’ cell-damaging, age-accelerating effects;
  3. Mitochondria biogenesis. CoQ10 has been shown to stimulate formation of fresh new mitochondria in response to oxidative stress.

Without CoQ10, cell energy cannot be generated or sustained.

MicroActive® Q10

CoQ10 converts food into energy and fights cell damage.

Concern: CoQ10 levels are depleted by aging, exercise, environmental stressors and some cholesterol medications.

Performance Lab® Energy MicroActive® Q10 is a nutritional technology breakthrough that restores CoQ10 levels for peak bioenergetic performance.

Plain CoQ10 is difficult to absorb. That’s why Performance Lab® Energy uses bioavailability-enhanced MicroActive® Q10.

Research shows that one dose of MicroActive® Q10 outperforms plain CoQ10, absorbing faster and releasing slowly over 24 hours for steady, sustained cell energy support:

A comparison of mean plasma Q10 concentrations

Daily MicroActive® Q10 supplementation has also been shown in research to double CoQ10 blood levels
in just 3 weeks.

BioPQQ® (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone), 10 mg

Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) is a unique antioxidant related to B-vitamins. It serves as a cofactor for enzymatic reactions that enable cell health and development.

PQQ is strongly associated with healthy mitochondrial function. It complements CoQ10’s mitochondrial support by:

  1. Stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis. PQQ works in concert with CoQ10, but via a unique bioactivity: Influencing genetic pathways involved in regulating mitochondria;
  2. Fighting mitochondrial oxidative stress. PQQ is suggested to possess 5,000x the antioxidant power of vitamin C, providing strong mitochondrial protection.
BioPQQ®

PQQ protects mitochondria function with 5,000x the antioxidant power of vitamin C.

Performance Lab® Energy PQQ works in concert with CoQ10 to boost, multiply and protect mitochondria powerhouses in nearly every cell in the body.

Performance Lab® Energy BioPQQ® is a cutting-edge, water-soluble form of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone. It is the most evidence-backed PQQ form available on the market today.

Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR), 500 mg

Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR)

ALCAR helps preserve muscle energy and target fat during exercise.

Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) is an amino acid cofactor required for cell energy.

Approximately 95% of the body’s carnitine is located in muscle. ALCAR is crucial for muscle performance. Settling in the outer membrane of mitochondria, ALCAR works by:

  1. Donating acetyl groups to form Acetyl CoA long-chain fatty acids that fuel mitochondria;
  2. Transporting long-chain fatty acids across inner cell membranes into mitochondria, where they are oxidized to produce ATP energy;
  3. Returning to outer mitochondrial membranes to be recycled and transport fuel again.

In addition to its energy metabolism benefits, ALCAR promotes mitochondrial health by:

  1. Transporting waste materials and toxins out of the mitochondria. Toxins have been shown to interfere with cell energy production and efficiency;
  2. Helping to strengthen and protect mitochondrial membranes, in part by reducing formation of cell-damaging free radicals.

ALCAR is an athletic performance-enhancer: During exercise, it helps preserve energy stored in muscle while encouraging the use of energy stored in fat.

  • ALCAR’s dual-powered support for energized training and fat metabolism combine to optimize all body composition programs, ranging from muscle gain to fat loss.

Performance Lab® Energy ALCAR is highly bioavailable, absorbed into cells without glucose, and can cross the blood-brain barrier – distinct advantages for weight loss and mental energy.

R-Lipoic Acid (Bio-Enhanced®), 100 mg

R-Lipoic Acid is a cofactor found in mitochondria, where it activates enzymes that are essential for bioenergetics processes and carbohydrate metabolism. R-Lipoic Acid helps vitality by:

  1. Functioning as a precursor for the Acetyl CoA, supporting its formation in a separate pathway from ALCAR;
  2. Enhancing insulin-stimulated glucose transport and metabolism for efficient cell performance.

R-Lipoic Acid is also a Universal Antioxidant: Soluble in both water and fat, it can help counter oxidative stress in all parts of the body and all parts of our cells. R-Lipoic Acid’s extended mitochondria-oriented antioxidant activity includes:

  1. Enhancing mitochondrial expression of protective antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione, suggested to reverse age-related mitochondrial enzyme decline;
  2. Directly recycling and extending activity of mitochondria-protective antioxidants including CoQ10 and vitamin C.

Performance Lab® Energy Bio-Enhanced® Na-RALA is a purified, stabilized and nature-identical salt form that helps eliminate gastric side effects and maximize bioavailability.

R-Lipoic Acid

R-Lipoic Acid is a Universal Antioxidant helping to counter oxidative stress in all parts of the body.

Performance Lab® Energy ALCAR + ALA Synergy: ALCAR + ALA support mitochondrial synthesis and energy metabolism more effectively together than when taken alone. ALCAR+ALA have also been studied in combination for their ability to protect proteins and mitochondria from free radicals.

Magnesium Malate, 60mg

Magnesium is needed to catalyze more than 300 reactions in the body, including energy production. Depleted magnesium levels have been shown to contribute to dips in energy. Even if we consume a healthy balanced diet, we may still not meet magnesium demands required to supercharge our performance.

Magnesium can support energy by:

  1. Stabilising enzymes involved in ATP-generating processes;
  2. Optimizing the function and structural integrity of mitochondria;
  3. Regulating glucose and insulin to optimize energy metabolism from food.

BioPerine® Black Pepper Extract, 2.5 mg

BioPerine® Black Pepper Extract

Piperine fires up your metabolism and turns up the heat on body fat.

Black pepper extract supplies active piperine. As patented BioPerine®, black pepper piperine works as a thermonutrient that raises metabolic rate and body heat, which in turn:

  1. Enhances nutrient bioavailability. BioPerine® helps nutrients in foods and supplements to reach the bloodstream. It has been shown to boost supplemented CoQ10 bioavailability by 30%, further amplifying Energy’s MicroActive® Q10;
  2. Increases energy expenditure. BioPerine®’s thermogenic effects help you to burn more calories; an especially beneficial activity for maximizing fitness and fat loss results.

Performance Lab® Energy BioPerine® is a patented, clinically researched and highly purified form of black pepper extract standardized to supply 95% piperine.

Buy Now

Performance Lab® Energy

Ready to experience stim-free vitality? Get Performance Lab® Energy today for daily vitality, peak athleticism, energized cognition, enhanced fat metabolism, long-range health and more.

3 Month Supply
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Reviews

FAQ

Who should take Performance Lab® Energy

Energy can help anyone seeking to enhance their overall performance and life vitality in a healthier way than traditional stimulants. As it supports energy production at the cellular and molecular levels, Energy promotes whole-body vitality in all populations, with extra support for active individuals who are training to improve body composition.

How do I take Performance Lab® Energy

Take 1-2 capsules in the morning and 1-2 in the early afternoon on an empty stomach as needed. If exercising, take one serving 45-60 minutes pre-workout. For best results use daily and consistently.

Is Performance Lab® Energy safe?

Like all Performance Lab® supplements, Energy is designed to be safe for long-term daily use. Energy achieves this by avoiding the stimulants used in typical vitality supplements, and instead using pure, potent ingredients for cell energy production that are dosed appropriately and in line with clinical research. Energy’s clean formula design – free of GMOs, gluten, soy, colourants, preservatives and other additives – is also well-tolerated by the body; safe and beneficial for long-term use.

Is Performance Lab® Energy legal?

Yes. Energy is a safe, natural and 100% legal way to enhance vitality in both body and mind.

What is NutriGenesis®?

NutriGenesis® is a Performance Lab® nutrition technology innovation: Vitamins, minerals and amino acids grown in live cultures at our state-of-the-art lab.

A true biological nutrient form, NutriGenesis® closely mirrors the molecular structure of food nutrients. NutriGenesis® nutrients offer significant advantages over standard nutrient forms.

Featured in several Performance Lab® formulas, NutriGenesis® vitamins, minerals and amino acids are bioengineered to be safe, active and highly effective for overall health and performance.

Why did Performance Lab® develop NutriGenesis®?

Vitamins, minerals and amino acids are the most important nutrients you need to build a strong foundation for health and performance.

Performance Lab® developed NutriGenesis® to have our own in-house vitamins, minerals and amino acids to use in our own nutritional supplements.

In producing NutriGenesis®, Performance Lab® can best maintain our industry-leading quality standards for cleanliness, purity, effectiveness and eco-friendliness, across all our ultramodern formulas.

How is NutriGenesis® different from other nutrient forms?

Not all vitamins, minerals and amino acids are the same. There are many nutrient forms, produced with a variety of processes. Some of the most popular nutrient forms available in supplements today include:

Whole Food Concentrates

Whole food vitamin and mineral supplements are sourced from fruits, vegetables, herbs and mushrooms. They include natural cofactors that make food nutrients so easy for the body to absorb and utilize. However, they do require extensive processing and may be made with GMOs, mass agriculture and dirty eco-destructive practices.

Isolated Chemical (USP) Nutrients

Isolated Chemical (USP) is the cheapest vitamin and mineral form found in the most basic multivitamin supplements. This synthetic form chemically alters vitamins and minerals, isolating them from their whole-food cofactors. As a result, Isolated Chemical (USP) nutrients are typically harder to absorb and less effective than whole food nutrients.

Chelated Minerals

In this process, a mineral nutrient (such as iron, calcium, zinc) is bound with a chelator: An organic molecule (often an amino acid) that is large enough to enrobe the mineral. By surrounding the mineral, the chelator protects it against degradation. Chelated nutrients are highly stable and may improve nutrient uptake and utilization.

NutriGenesis® is different from traditional nutrient forms: Bioengineered to be better.

NutriGenesis® are cultured nutrients that replicate the creation of vitamins, minerals and aminos in nature.

NutriGenesis® is based on the work of Nobel Prize-winning physiologist Albert Szent Gyorgy, who theorized that nutrients presented in their naturally grown forms supply cofactors that make them more bioavailable, biologically active and effective than nutrients that are isolated.

In the NutriGenesis® process, single-cell organisms are seeded with micronutrients in a hydroponic growth medium.

The live single-cell organisms “eat” the micronutrients, divide and thrive. As the cultures grow, they produce fresh new NutriGenesis® vitamins, minerals and aminos within a matrix of natural cofactors. This familiar structure is more easily absorbed and utilized by the body.

More on the NutriGenesis® Process

NutriGenesis® advantages over other forms:

NutriGenesis® is essentially food nutrition. Mirroring food nutrients molecule-by-molecule, our vitamins, minerals and aminos are presented in pure elemental form. Maximum nutrition: Nothing more, nothing less.

Enhanced effectiveness. Because NutriGenesis® nutrients are in food-matrix form, they are recognized by the body as nature-identical -- maximizing nutrient uptake, bioavailability and beneficial activity.

Patented and researched. The patented process behind NutriGenesis® has been shown in research to enhance nutrient absorption and retention (when compared to chemical isolates).

Cleaner and safer. NutriGenesis® is produced in a sterile, tightly controlled lab setting. NutriGenesis® is minimally processed, requiring no pesticides, herbicides or other synthetics associated with some other whole-food nutrients.

Better for the planet: The NutriGenesis® process is clean and efficient, with little carbon footprint or environmental impact – especially when compared to factory farming for phytonutrients and strip mining for minerals.

Which formulas feature NutriGenesis® nutrients?

It all begins with NutriGenesis® Multi for Men and Multi for Women: Performance Lab®’s multivitamin starting point for human performance optimization.

NutriGenesis® vitamins, minerals and amino acids are also found in Performance Lab® formulas Stim, Flex, BCAA, Pre, Post and Maintain.

Beyond Performance Lab®, NutriGenesis® B-Vitamins are found in Mind Lab Pro®: the Universal Nootropic™.

30-Day Performance Promise

Your first order of any Performance Lab® product is covered by our 30-day performance promise.

Put Performance Lab® Energy to the test for a full 30 days and if you don’t see results, we’ll refund your money. No questions asked.

Simply get in touch with a member of our Customer Care team.

The Performance Lab® Performance Promise covers one container of any of our products, up to a maximum of three products per order. You’ll need to return any unused boxes.

Energy stacks well with…

Energy + MCT

Performance Lab® MCT boosts ketone bodies that fuel and optimize brain cells’ powerhouse mitochondria.

A fast fuel for energized performance, MCT combines effectively with Energy’s vitality support.

Take Energy + MCT to supercharge mitochondria in body and mind, for a clean, stim-free vitality boost in virtually every cell in the body.

Learn More
MCT

Energy + Caffeine +

Performance-enhanced caffeine plus stim balance and recovery* NutriGenesis® Caffeine Balance B-Complex (Riboflavin, B6, Folate, B12), Natural Caffeine (from Coffea robusta seeds), Suntheanine® L-Theanine, Ajipure® L-Tyrosine.
Supports:

Balanced and optimized caffeine stimulation, precise caffeine dosing, healthy neurotransmitter recovery, B-Vitamin replenishment*

Designed for Performance:

Promotes calmer energy and alertness; enhances performance during multitasking, stress and fatigue; supports faster bounce-back; stacks with all Performance Lab® formulas*

Learn More
Caffeine +

Energy + Mind

Mind’s support for brain vitality complements Energy’s support for whole-body vitality.

Together, Mind + Energy supply four leading nutrients for boosting brain mitochondria – Cognizin®, BioPQQ®, MicroActive® Q10 and Bio-Enhanced® R-Lipoic Acid – to unleash peak mental energy on a cellular level.

Take Mind + Energy as a stim-free cognitive stack with a focus on clean, calm brainpower.

Learn More
Mind

Energy + NutriGenesis® Multi for Women

Energy is a stim-free vitality formula that enhances cells’ powerhouse mitochondria.

NutriGenesis® Multi complements Energy with B-complex vitamins for cell energy metabolism; plus copper to support healthy mitochondrial function.

Together, NutriGenesis® Multi + Energy supply fundamental and advanced cell energy support to unleash clean vitality for exceptional life performance.

Learn More
NutriGenesis® Multi for Women

Energy + NutriGenesis® Multi for Men

Energy is a stim-free vitality formula that enhances cells’ powerhouse mitochondria.

NutriGenesis® Multi complements Energy with B-complex vitamins for cell energy metabolism; plus copper to support healthy mitochondrial function.

Together, NutriGenesis® Multi + Energy supply fundamental and advanced cell energy support to unleash clean vitality for exceptional life performance.

Learn More
NutriGenesis® Multi for Men

Research

The research and studies behind Performance Lab® Energy.

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Coenzyme Q10

Littarru GP, Tiano L. (2007). Bioenergetic and antioxidant properties of coenzyme Q10: recent developments . Mol Biotechnol, Sep;37(1):31-7.
Cooke M, et al. (2008). Effects of acute and 14-day coenzyme Q10 supplementation on exercise performance in both trained and untrained individuals , Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, March 4.
Russell T. Matthews, et al. (1998). Coenzyme Q10 administration increases brain mitochondrial concentrations and exerts neuroprotective effects . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A., Jul 21; 95(15): 8892–8897.
Hoppe U, et al. (1999). Coenzyme Q10, a cutaneous antioxidant and energizer . Biofactors, 9(2-4):371-8.
Mizuno K, Tanaka M, Nozaki S et al., (2008).n Antifatigue effects of coenzyme Q10 during physical fatigue , Nutrition, Vol. 24, Issue 4, April, pp. 293-9.
Greene DE and Vande Zande HD. Universal energy principle of biological systems and the unity of bioenergetics , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 78, Issue 9, September 1981, pp. 5344-5347.
Folkers-K. Langsjoen-P. Langsjoen-P-H. Therapy with coenzyme Q10 of patients in heart failure who are eligible or ineligible for a transplant . Biochem-Biophys-Res-Commun. 1992 Jan 15. 182(1). P 247-53.
Littarru, G.P. and L. Tiano, Clinical aspects of coenzyme Q10: an update . Nutrition, 2010. 26(3): p. 250-4
Bentinger M, Brismar K, Dallner G. The antioxidant role of coenzyme Q . Mitochondrion. 2007;7 suppl:S41–S50. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2007.02.006
Ajith TA, Jayakumar TG. Mitochondria-targeted agents: Future perspectives of mitochondrial pharmaceutics in cardiovascular diseases . World J Cardiol. 2014 Oct 26; 6(10): 1091–1099.
Crane FL. Biochemical functions of coenzyme Q10 . J Am Coll Nutr. 2001;20(6):591-598.
Tian G, Sawashita J, Kubo H, et al. Ubiquinol-10 Supplementation Activates Mitochondria Functions to Decelerate Senescence in Senescence-Accelerated Mice . Antioxidants & Redox Signaling. 2014;20(16):2606-2620. doi:10.1089/ars.2013.5406.
Noh YH, Kim K-Y, Shim MS, et al. Inhibition of oxidative stress by coenzyme Q10 increases mitochondrial mass and improves bioenergetic function in optic nerve head astrocytes . Cell Death & Disease. 2013;4(10):e820-. doi:10.1038/cddis.2013.341.

PQQ

McBride HM, Neuspiel M, et al. Mitochondria: more than just a powerhouse . Curr Biol. 2006 Jul 25;16(14):R551-60.
Tao R, Karliner JS, et al. Pyrroloquinoline quinone preserves mitochondrial function and prevents oxidative injury in adult rat cardiac myocytes . Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Nov 16;363(2):257-62.
Stites TE, Mitchell AE, Rucker RB. Physiological importance of quinoenzymes and the O-quinone family of cofactors . J Nutr. 2000 Apr;130(4):719-27.
Rucker R, Chowanadisai W, Nakano M. Potential physiological importance of pyrroloquinoline quinone . Altern Med Rev. 2009 Sep;14(3):268-77.
Misra HS, Rajpurohit YS, Khairnar NP. Pyrroloquinoline-quinone and its versatile roles in biological processes . J Biosci. 2012 Jun;37(2):313-25

Acetyl-L-Carnitine

Marconi, C., Sassi, G., Carpinelli, A., and Cerretelli, P. Effects of L-carnitine loading on the aerobic and anaerobic performance of endurance athletes . Eur J Appl Physiol Occup.Physiol 1985;54(2):131-135.
Dragan, A. M., Vasiliu, D., Eremia, N. M., and Georgescu, E. Studies concerning some acute biological changes after endovenous administration of 1 g l-carnitine, in elite athletes . Physiologie. 1987;24(4):231-234
Najafi, M., Javidnia, A., Ghorbani-Haghjo, A., Mohammadi, S., and Garjani, A. Pharmacological preconditioning with L-carnitine: relevance to myocardial hemodynamic function and glycogen and lactate content . Pak.J Pharm.Sci 2010;23(3):250-255.
Malaguarnera M, Gargante MP, et al. Acetyl L-carnitine (ALC) treatment in elderly patients with fatigue . Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2008 Mar-Apr;46(2):181-90.
Gorostiaga EM, Maurer CA, Eclache JP. Decrease in respiratory quotient during exercise following L-carnitine supplementation . Int J Sports Med 1989;10:169–74.
Brass EP. Supplemental carnitine and exercise . Am J Clin Nutr August 2000, vol. 72 no. 2 618s-623s
Sethumadhavan S, Chinnakannu P. Carnitine and lipoic acid alleviates protein oxidation in heart mitochondria during aging process . Biogerontology. 2006 Apr;7(2):101-9.
Rosca M, et al. Mitochondria in the elderly: Is acetylcarnitine a rejuvenator? Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
Volume 61, Issue 14, 30 November 2009, Pages 1332–1342
Stephens FB, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Greenhaff PL. New insights concerning the role of carnitine in the regulation of fuel metabolism in skeletal muscle . The Journal of Physiology. 2007;581(Pt 2):431-444. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.125799
Bonnefont JP. Carnitine palmitoyltransferases 1 and 2: biochemical, molecular and medical aspects . Mol Aspects Med. 2004 Oct-Dec;25(5-6):495-520.

R-Lipoic Acid

Goraca A, Huk-Kolega H, Piechota A, Kleniewska P, Ciejka E, Skibska B. Lipoic acid - biological activity and therapeutic potential . Pharmacol Rep. 2011;63(4):849-58.
Morikawa T, Yasuno R, Wada H. Do mammalian cells synthesize lipoic acid? Identification of a mouse cDNA encoding a lipoic acid synthase located in mitochondria. FEBS Lett. 2001 Jun 1;498(1):16-21.
Arivazhagan P, Ramanathan K, Panneerselvam C: Effect of DL-alpha-lipoic acid on mitochondrial enzymes in aged
rats. Chem Biol Interact, 2001, 138, 189–198.
Hagen TM, Ingersoll RT, Lykkesfeldt J, Liu J, Wehr CM, Vinarsky V, Bartholomew JC et al.: R-alpha-lipoic acid supplemented old rats have improved mitochondrial function, decreased oxidative damage, and increased metabolic rate . FASEB J, 1999, 13, 411–418.

Black Pepper

Badmaev V., et al. Piperine derived from black pepper increases the plasma levels of coenzyme q10 following oral supplementation . The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, Volume 11, Issue 2 , Pages 109-113, February 2000.

General

Myhill S, Booth N, McLaren-Howard J. Chronic fatigue syndrome and mitochondrial dysfunction . Int J Clin Exp Med. 2009; 2(1): 1–16. Published online 2009 Jan 15.

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